Third-party (TTP) access to payment services that has become a business model of many fintech companies. It is used, for example, to process financial trans- actions and to analyze customer-specific transaction data. In most cases this also refers to access to customer accounts, which banks need to grant third parties in connection with PSD2. From a technological side, the European Banking Author- ity (EBA) is responsible for the development of standards (so-called regulatory technical standards, RTS) regarding security, authentication and communication. In the four-corner model, this gives rise to account information service providers (AISP) and payment initiation service providers (PISP), who have direct access to transacting parties (see image below). These service providers penetrate the previously closed system of banks and thus open the way to multi-bank services.
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